Mohammad Ali Jinnah (1876-1948)
Mohammed Ali Jinnah, March 1942Mohammed Ali Jinnah, March 1942 ©Jinnah was an Indian politician who successfully campaigned for an independent Pakistan and have become its first leader. he's known there as 'Quaid-I Azam' or 'Great Leader'.
Mohammed Ali Jinnah was born on 25 December 1876 in Karachi, now in Pakistan, on the other hand a part of British-controlled India. His father was a prosperous Muslim merchant.
Jinnah studied at Bombay University and at Lincoln's Inn in London. He then ran a successful legal practice in Bombay. He was already a member of the Indian National Congress, which was working for autonomy from British rule, when he joined the Muslim League in 1913. The league had formed a couple of years earlier to represent the interests of Indian Muslims during a predominantly Hindu country, and by 1916 he was elected its president.
In 1920, the Indian National Congress launched a movement of non-cooperation to boycott all aspects of British rule. Jinnah opposed this policy and resigned from the congress. there have been by now profound differences between the congress and therefore the Muslim League.
After provincial elections in 1937, the congress refused to make coalition administrations with the Muslim League in mixed areas. Relations between Hindus and Muslims began to deteriorate. In 1940, at a Muslim League session in Lahore, the primary official demand was made for the partition of India and therefore the creation of a Muslim state of Pakistan. Jinnah had always believed that Hindu-Muslim unity was possible, but reluctantly came to the view that partition was necessary to safeguard the rights of Indian Muslims.
His insistence on this issue through negotiations with British government resulted within the partition of India and therefore the formation of the state of Pakistan on 14 August 1947. This occurred against a backdrop of widespread violence between Muslims, Hindus and Sikhs, and a huge movement of populations between the new states of Pakistan and India during which many thousands died.
Jinnah became the primary governor of Pakistan, but died of tuberculosis on 11 September 1948.
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